Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis, also known as Scrofula, is a condition characterized by the inflammation and swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck region due to an infection by mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. It is commonly seen in children and can present as painless, firm, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck area.
The infection is typically acquired through inhalation or ingestion of mycobacterial organisms and subsequent colonization of the lymph nodes in the neck. The mycobacteria can then cause chronic inflammation and the formation of granulomas within the lymph nodes, leading to the characteristic swelling, commonly referred to as "scrofula."
Symptoms of Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis may include painless swelling in the neck, sometimes accompanied by fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The condition can be diagnosed through various laboratory tests, including culture and microscopic examination of the lymph node tissue or fluid.
Treatment for Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis typically involves a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy, often a combination of antimycobacterial drugs, to eradicate the infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to drain or remove the affected lymph nodes.
While Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis is generally a benign condition, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent complications and further spread of the infection. Prompt management can help alleviate symptoms, reduce the risk of recurrence, and prevent the development of more severe forms of mycobacterial disease, such as tuberculosis.
