Multicystic kidney dysplasias (MCKD) is a rare developmental abnormality affecting the kidneys. It is characterized by the formation of multiple cysts within the kidney tissue, resulting in the distortion and disruption of normal kidney structure and function.
In individuals with MCKD, the affected kidneys develop numerous fluid-filled cysts that replace the normal functioning kidney tissue. These cysts vary in size and may be present in one or both kidneys. The formation of these cysts leads to the enlargement of the affected organs and the loss of their normal functionality.
MCKD is typically diagnosed prenatally or in early childhood through imaging techniques such as ultrasound. Affected individuals may present with symptoms such as an abdominal mass, abdominal pain, high blood pressure, or urinary tract infections. However, in some cases, MCKD may be asymptomatic and only detected incidentally during diagnostic tests.
The exact cause of MCKD is often unknown. It is believed to be a result of embryonic kidney development abnormalities, possibly genetic in nature. However, in some cases, MCKD may be associated with genetic mutations inherited from affected parents. The condition can be either sporadic, occurring randomly in individuals with no family history, or it can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Treatment for MCKD typically involves managing any associated symptoms or complications. In cases where the cysts cause severe kidney function impairment or complications such as hypertension, surgical interventions may be necessary, including partial or complete removal of the affected kidneys. Regular monitoring and medical management are essential to prevent complications and maintain overall kidney health.
