Lupus profundus, also known as deep lupus or lupus panniculitis, is a rare form of lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the skin and internal organs. The term "lupus" derives from Latin, meaning "wolf", referring to a characteristic rash that resembles a wolf's bite. "Profundus" is a Latin word meaning "deep", indicating the specific involvement of deep layers of the skin in this variant of lupus.
Lupus profundus primarily affects the subcutaneous fat layer of the skin and often presents as firm, nodular lesions predominantly on the face, arms, or trunk. These nodules can cause pain, inflammation, and scarring. The condition can occasionally extend into the deeper tissues, including muscles and bones, potentially leading to bone deformities or ulcerations.
The exact cause of lupus profundus remains unclear, but it is believed to result from a malfunction of the immune system, where the body's defense mechanisms mistakenly attack its own tissues. It may also be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, a more widespread form of the disease affecting multiple organs.
Diagnosis of lupus profundus requires a thorough evaluation, including a physical examination, skin biopsy, and blood tests to identify specific lupus-related autoantibodies. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms, such as pain and inflammation, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or other immune-modulating medications. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove affected tissue or correct deformities.
Although lupus profundus is a chronic condition with no cure, appropriate medical care can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications, allowing individuals to lead fulfilling lives. Regular follow-up with a healthcare
