Thoracic Outlet Neurovascular Syndrome (TOS), also known as Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by the compression or irritation of nerves and blood vessels that pass through the thoracic outlet. The thoracic outlet refers to the narrow space between the collarbone (clavicle) and the first rib, where vital arteries, veins, and nerves traverse to and from the upper extremities.
TOS is typically caused by tightness or anatomical abnormalities in this area, leading to the compression of the brachial plexus (a network of nerves that control the arm and hand) or the subclavian artery and vein (which supply blood flow to the arm). This compression can result in a variety of symptoms, including pain, numbness, weakness, and tingling sensations in the arm, shoulder, neck, and upper back regions. It may also cause swelling or discoloration of the hand, muscle wasting, and decreased range of motion.
The condition can be classified into three main types: neurogenic TOS (caused by nerve compression), venous TOS (due to compression of the subclavian vein), and arterial TOS (resulting from compression of the subclavian artery).
Treatment for Thoracic Outlet Neurovascular Syndrome may involve a combination of physical therapy exercises to improve posture and strengthen muscles, pain management techniques, medications, and in severe cases, surgical intervention to alleviate the compression of affected structures. Proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is important to determine the exact type and cause of TOS, as well as the most appropriate treatment approach.
