SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION Meaning and
Definition
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Somatic cell nuclear transplantation, also commonly known as cloning, is a complex biological technique in which the nucleus of a somatic cell, typically a mature non-reproductive cell, is transferred into an enucleated oocyte (egg cell). This process results in the creation of a genetically identical organism or clone.
The technique of somatic cell nuclear transplantation involves several intricate steps. First, a somatic cell, such as a skin cell, is selected and its nucleus, which contains the organism's complete set of genetic information, is isolated. Next, an enucleated oocyte, which has had its own nucleus removed, is prepared to receive the somatic cell's nucleus. The somatic cell nucleus is then inserted into the enucleated oocyte using a precise microsurgical technique. Finally, the reconstituted oocyte with the new nucleus is stimulated by various methods to initiate cell division and ultimately, the development of an embryo.
Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has been a subject of scientific research and controversy due to its potential uses and implications. It has the capability to create clones of organisms, allowing for the replication of desirable traits or the generation of genetically modified organisms for research purposes. Additionally, it presents the possibility of using cloning techniques for therapeutic purposes, such as the production of tissues or organs for transplantation. However, ethical concerns surrounding the cloning of humans and the potential for misuse of the technology have led to extensive debates and regulations in many jurisdictions around the world.
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