PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Meaning and
Definition
-
Protein synthesis refers to the process by which cells produce proteins, which are essential molecules for the structure, function, and regulation of the body. It is a complex and highly regulated biological process occurring in all living organisms.
Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of the DNA sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the cell nucleus. This process involves the enzyme RNA polymerase, which recognizes specific DNA sequences called promoters and synthesizes an mRNA molecule complementary to one strand of the DNA template. mRNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.
During translation, the second phase of protein synthesis, mRNA attaches to a ribosome, and the genetic code is decoded to build a protein. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry specific amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, according to the instructions encoded in the mRNA. The tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome and bring the amino acids together in the correct sequence to form a growing polypeptide chain. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, more amino acids are added to the chain until a stop codon is reached, and the newly synthesized protein is released.
Protein synthesis is essential for various biological functions, including growth, maintenance, repair, and signal transduction within cells. Accurate and efficient protein synthesis is crucial for maintaining proper cellular function, and any errors or disruptions in the process can lead to various disorders and diseases.
Common Misspellings for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
- orotein synthesis
- lrotein synthesis
- 0rotein synthesis
- peotein synthesis
- pdotein synthesis
- pfotein synthesis
- ptotein synthesis
- p5otein synthesis
- p4otein synthesis
- pritein synthesis
- prktein synthesis
- prltein synthesis
- prptein synthesis
- pr0tein synthesis
- pr9tein synthesis
- prorein synthesis
- profein synthesis
- progein synthesis
- proyein synthesis
- pro6ein synthesis
Etymology of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
The term "protein synthesis" is derived from two main components: "protein" and "synthesis".
The word "protein" comes from the Greek word "proteios", meaning "primary" or "first quality". It was coined by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, in 1838. He named this class of organic compounds "protein" due to their importance in living organisms.
The word "synthesis" has its roots in the Greek word "sunthesis", which means "putting together" or "composition". The term refers to the process of combining different components or elements to create something new.
So, overall, the etymology of "protein synthesis" refers to the process of assembling or constructing proteins within living organisms.
Infographic
Add the infographic to your website:
