How Do You Spell PROTEIN D ASPARTATE L ISOASPARTATE METHYLTRANSFERASE?

1. Protein D Aspartate L Isoaspartate Methyltransferase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the methylation of aspartate and isoaspartate residues in various proteins. It is responsible for maintaining protein integrity and functionality by preventing the accumulation of isoaspartate residues, which often result from spontaneous deamidation or isomerization reactions of aspartate residues.

   Isoaspartate residues, formed through these non-enzymatic processes, can lead to protein misfolding, aggregation, and loss of biological activity. Protein D Aspartate L Isoaspartate Methyltransferase serves as a repair enzyme that recognizes and methylates these unstable isoaspartate residues, converting them back into their stable aspartate form. This methylation process involves the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the isoaspartate or aspartate residue, thereby creating a stable methylated form.

   The activity of Protein D Aspartate L Isoaspartate Methyltransferase is essential for cellular homeostasis and can be found in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans. It is particularly abundant in the brain and other tissues where it acts as a protective enzyme against isoaspartyl accumulation. Deficiencies in this enzyme have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, as the accumulation of isoaspartate residues can lead to the impairment of important neuronal proteins.

   Overall, Protein D Aspartate L Isoaspartate Methyltransferase is a vital enzyme involved in the repair and maintenance of protein integrity, ensuring proper cellular function and preventing protein-related diseases.

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