Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder characterized by the gradual and steady degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). PPMS is one of the four main types of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord.
PPMS is distinguished from other types of MS by its particular pattern of progression. Unlike the relapsing-remitting form of MS, which is characterized by periods of remission and relapse, individuals with PPMS experience a gradual and continuous decline in neurological function without distinct periods of improvement. Symptoms typically worsen over time, with little to no remission or recovery.
Common symptoms of PPMS include impaired coordination and balance, muscle weakness and stiffness, difficulties with walking and mobility, numbness or tingling sensations, fatigue, and potentially cognitive decline. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and ability to engage in daily activities.
The exact cause of PPMS is still unknown, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath – the protective covering of the nerve fibers in the CNS. This leads to inflammation and damage to the nerves, resulting in the progressive neurological symptoms seen in PPMS.
Currently, there is no known cure for PPMS. Treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the disease. Medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other supportive measures are often utilized to help individuals maintain their independence and overall well-being.
