Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas (NSCLC) refers to a group of malignant lung cancers that originate from the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract, excluding small cell lung cancer. NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and is further categorized into several subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of NSCLC and typically develops in the outer regions of the lungs. It is more frequently observed in non-smokers and women. Squamous cell carcinoma arises in the centrally located bronchi and is often associated with a history of smoking. Large cell carcinoma is a less common subtype that lacks the distinctive characteristics of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.
NSCLC usually presents as a mass or tumor within the lung, exhibiting characteristics such as abnormal cell growth, invasion of nearby tissues, and potential metastasis to other parts of the body. Symptoms may include persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, weight loss, and coughing up blood. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging tests, such as chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, along with the analysis of a biopsy specimen.
Treatment options for NSCLC depend on various factors, such as the stage of cancer, overall health of the patient, and presence of specific genetic mutations. These options may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Prognosis and survival rates for NSCLC vary depending on the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis, response to treatment, and individual patient factors.
