MICROVILLUS Meaning and
Definition
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A microvillus is a tiny, finger-like projection that extends from the surface of certain types of cells. It is primarily found in the lining of the small intestine, where it plays a crucial role in the absorption of nutrients from digested food. Microvilli are also present in other organs, such as the kidneys and respiratory tract, where they serve various functions.
Measuring only a few micrometers in length, a microvillus is composed of a core of actin filaments covered by a plasma membrane. This structure increases the surface area of the cell, providing a larger area for absorption and secretion. The immense number of microvilli found within the small intestine greatly enhances its absorptive capacity.
Microvilli are covered by a layer of glycoproteins, which help to maintain their shape and assist in specific cellular functions. These structures are involved in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Additionally, microvilli aid in the secretion of digestive enzymes and mucus, contributing to the overall digestive process.
Microvilli are subject to various pathological conditions, including Microvillus Inclusion Disease (MVID) and Celiac disease. MVID is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a defect in the assembly of microvilli, leading to severe intestinal malabsorption. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that causes an immune response to gluten, resulting in damage to the microvilli of the small intestine and subsequent malabsorption of nutrients.
Common Misspellings for MICROVILLUS
Etymology of MICROVILLUS
The word "microvillus" is derived from the combination of two Latin words: "micro", meaning small, and "villus", meaning hair. When combined, they form the term "microvillus", which refers to the tiny hair-like structures found on the surface of certain cells in the body. These structures aid in absorption and secretion processes.
