The Meynert Basal Nucleus, also known as the nucleus basalis of Meynert or Meynert's nucleus, is an anatomical structure located in the basal forebrain region of the brain. It is named after the Austrian anatomist Theodor Hermann Meynert, who first discovered and described it in the late 19th century.
The Meynert Basal Nucleus consists of a collection of large cholinergic neurons or nerve cells that send extensive projections to various regions of the cerebral cortex, particularly to the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. These neurons produce and release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a crucial role in various cognitive functions, including memory, attention, learning, and arousal.
The nucleus basalis of Meynert is considered an important part of the cholinergic system in the brain and is involved in regulating cortical activation, regulating sleep-wake cycles, and modulating sensory processing. Dysfunction or degeneration of the Meynert Basal Nucleus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.
In summary, the Meynert Basal Nucleus is a distinct cluster of cholinergic neurons located in the basal forebrain. It is responsible for releasing acetylcholine and plays a crucial role in regulating cognitive functions and cortical activation. Its dysfunction has been associated with various neurological disorders.
