Meningeal cancer, also known as meningioma or meningeal carcinoma, is a type of cancer that affects the meninges, which are the three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
This condition occurs when abnormal cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably within the meninges, forming a tumor. Meningeal cancer can arise from the cells of the arachnoid, dura mater, or pia mater, which are the three layers composing the meninges.
The exact cause of meningeal cancer remains unknown; however, certain risk factors such as radiation exposure, genetic factors, certain hormonal imbalances, and previous head injuries have been implicated. Symptoms of meningeal cancer may include persistent headaches, dizziness, seizures, blurred vision, personality changes, difficulty concentrating, or weakness in the limbs. In some cases, individuals may remain asymptomatic until the tumor grows large enough to exert pressure on surrounding structures.
Diagnosis of meningeal cancer typically involves various imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan, as well as a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options for meningeal cancer depend on the tumor grade, location, and overall health of the patient. They may include surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Prognosis for meningeal cancer varies depending on factors such as tumor size, grade, location, and response to treatment. With early detection and appropriate treatment, many individuals with meningeal cancer can experience long-term remission and improved quality of life.
