Lymph node tuberculosis, also known as tuberculous lymphadenitis, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This condition primarily affects the lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped glands that function as filters in the immune system.
Lymph node tuberculosis occurs when a person inhales or ingests the bacterium, usually through droplets expelled by an infected individual through coughing, sneezing, or speaking. The bacterium then enters the lymphatic system, causing infection and subsequent inflammation of the lymph nodes.
Symptoms of lymph node tuberculosis often include the swelling of affected lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, or groin areas, which may be accompanied by pain. The overlying skin may become red and warm to the touch. Other common signs include fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, low-grade fever, and general malaise.
Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various laboratory tests, including cultures, nucleic acid amplification tests, and biopsies of the affected lymph nodes.
Treatment for lymph node tuberculosis typically involves a combination of antibiotics known as the "standard four-drug regimen" for tuberculosis, consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. This treatment is generally administered for a period of six to nine months. Surgical intervention may be considered in certain cases when the lymph nodes become abscessed or to obtain a tissue sample for diagnosis.
Without treatment, lymph node tuberculosis can progress, potentially leading to complications such as scarring, sinus formation, or the spread of infection to other organs or systems of the body. Therefore, it is important to promptly seek medical attention and adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen
