The lesser peritoneal cavity, also known as the omental bursa or lesser sac, is a term used in anatomy to refer to a part of the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, and gallbladder.
Specifically, the lesser peritoneal cavity is located behind the stomach and in front of the pancreas. It is a smaller compartment of the peritoneal cavity that forms during embryonic development. The cavity is enclosed by a double-layered serous membrane called the lesser omentum, which attaches the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the liver.
The lesser peritoneal cavity has important anatomical relationships. Superiorly, it communicates with the greater peritoneal cavity through an opening called the epiploic foramen, also known as the foramen of Winslow. This allows for communication between the greater and lesser sacs, enabling fluid or air to flow between these compartments.
The lesser peritoneal cavity contains various structures, including the superior part of the duodenum, the head and body of the pancreas, the proximal part of the jejunum and ileum (small intestine), and the transverse colon. It is important to note that the organs within the lesser peritoneal cavity are enveloped by a layer of peritoneum, which allows for their mobility and protection.
Overall, the lesser peritoneal cavity is a distinct part of the abdominal cavity that serves important anatomical functions and accommodates several vital organs.
