Kidney disease refers to a medical condition characterized by the impaired functioning of the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for the filtration of waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood. They play a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells.
There are various types of kidney disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and kidney stones. CKD is a long-term condition marked by the gradual loss of kidney function over time, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), when dialysis or kidney transplantation becomes necessary for survival. AKI, on the other hand, is a sudden and severe episode of kidney damage that can occur due to factors such as dehydration, medication toxicity, or reduced blood flow to the kidneys.
Symptoms of kidney disease may vary depending on the stage and underlying cause but can include fatigue, swollen ankles, changes in urine volume, blood in urine, high blood pressure, and difficulty concentrating. Risk factors for kidney disease include diabetes, hypertension, obesity, family history, age, and certain medications.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of kidney disease are essential to prevent further deterioration of kidney function. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, medication management, dialysis, or kidney transplantation. Regular monitoring of kidney function through blood and urine tests is often recommended to assess disease progression and inform appropriate interventions.
