Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is a type of epilepsy that typically begins in early adolescence, between the ages of 12 and 18. It is characterized by myoclonic seizures, which are brief, sudden muscle jerks that can affect various parts of the body. These myoclonic seizures often occur upon awakening and may be triggered by sleep deprivation, stress, or flashing lights. In addition to myoclonic seizures, individuals with JME may also experience generalized tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures) and absence seizures.
JME is considered a generalized epilepsy syndrome, as it involves abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain. The exact cause of JME is currently unknown, but research suggests that it may have a genetic component, as it often runs in families.
Diagnosing JME involves a comprehensive evaluation of the individual's medical history, a neurological examination, and specialized tests such as electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the brain's electrical activity during seizures. Treatment typically involves the use of antiepileptic medications, such as valproic acid, to control seizures and promote seizure-free periods.
While JME is a lifelong condition, most individuals with JME are able to manage their seizures with medication and lead normal, productive lives. However, adherence to medication and lifestyle modifications, such as getting adequate sleep and minimizing stress, are important for seizure control in individuals with JME.
