IMMUNOSORBENT TECHNIQUE Meaning and
Definition
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The Immunosorbent Technique, commonly known as IST, is a laboratory method used to detect and quantify specific substances, such as antigens or antibodies, in biological samples. It is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interactions, where an antigen binds to a specific antibody with high affinity and specificity.
In the Immunosorbent Technique, a solid support, such as a microplate or a membrane, is coated with either the antigen of interest or the corresponding specific antibody. The biological sample containing the target substance is then added to the support, allowing the antigen-antibody reaction to occur. Following incubation, the support is washed to remove any unbound or non-specifically bound components.
A detection system is then employed, which typically involves the addition of an enzyme-linked secondary antibody or an enzyme-conjugated antigen. This will bind to the primary antibody-antigen complex on the support. The excess detection reagent is removed by washing, and a substrate solution is added, resulting in a color change or the production of a detectable signal.
The quantity of the target substance in the sample can be determined by measuring the intensity of the resulting signal, which is usually proportional to the concentration of the substance present. This technique is widely used in various fields, including clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical research, and environmental monitoring, due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze multiple samples simultaneously.
Common Misspellings for IMMUNOSORBENT TECHNIQUE
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Etymology of IMMUNOSORBENT TECHNIQUE
The word "immunosorbent technique" does not have a specific etymology, as it is a descriptive term that combines two separate words: "immuno" and "sorbent". Here is the breakdown:
1. Immuno: This prefix comes from the Latin word "immunis", meaning "exempt, free". In modern usage, it is associated with immunity or the immune system. It is often used in scientific and medical terms related to immunology.
2. Sorbent: This word is derived from the Latin verb "sorbere", meaning "to suck in". In scientific terminology, "sorbent" refers to a material that has the ability to absorb or adsorb substances or particles from a solution.
By combining these two terms, "immunosorbent technique" refers to a method or procedure that involves using a material capable of absorbing or adsorbing immune-related substances or particles from a solution.
