Icterus is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes. It is commonly known as jaundice. The word "icterus" is derived from the Greek word "ikteros," meaning yellow bird, which symbolizes the yellow discoloration observed in individuals with this condition.
Jaundice occurs when there is an excessive buildup of bilirubin in the body. Bilirubin is a yellow-colored pigment that is produced when red blood cells break down. Normally, bilirubin is processed by the liver and excreted in the bile, a digestive fluid. However, when there is a disruption in the normal functioning of the liver or an obstruction in the bile ducts, bilirubin builds up, leading to the yellowing of the skin and eyes.
Icterus can result from various underlying medical conditions, including liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. It can also be caused by gallstones, pancreatitis, or blood disorders. In newborns, jaundice is commonly seen due to the immaturity of their liver function.
Diagnosis of icterus involves a physical examination, evaluation of medical history, and blood tests to measure the levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include managing the underlying condition, medication, changes in diet, and in severe cases, liver transplantation.
In summary, icterus is a medical term used to describe the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes due to an excess of bilirubin in the body. It is commonly known as jaundice and can indicate various underlying medical conditions.
