FONTAN OPERATION Meaning and
Definition
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The Fontan operation is a surgical procedure performed on individuals born with a congenital heart defect known as single ventricle physiology. It is typically done in the early years of life, specifically during childhood. The operation is named after its creator, Dr. Francis Fontan.
In this procedure, the Fontan circulation is created by diverting venous blood flow from the lower body directly into the pulmonary arteries, bypassing the right heart. The operation is designed to provide an alternative route for blood circulation in situations where one of the ventricles is not functioning properly or is absent altogether.
During the Fontan operation, a connection is made between the inferior vena cava (the large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body) and the pulmonary arteries, without the involvement of the right ventricle. This results in the direct flow of oxygen-depleted blood returning from the rest of the body to be delivered to the lungs for oxygenation.
Although the Fontan operation is technically complex and demanding, it has been a substantial advancement in the treatment of certain congenital heart defects. It provides an effective solution for individuals with single ventricle physiology by allowing the body to receive sufficient oxygenated blood flow, improving overall heart function and prolonging survival. However, it should be noted that individuals who undergo this procedure require lifelong medical follow-up.
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Etymology of FONTAN OPERATION
The word "Fontan Operation" is named after French cardiac surgeon Dr. François Michel Fontan. Dr. Fontan, along with his co-worker Dr. Guillermo Kreutzer, developed the surgical technique known as the Fontan procedure in the 1970s. It is a surgical treatment for children born with a complex congenital heart defect called tricuspid atresia, where the right ventricle is underdeveloped. The Fontan operation aims to redirect blood flow, allowing oxygen-depleted blood from the body to bypass the right ventricle and flow directly to the lungs.
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