Enterobius is a genus of parasitic worms commonly known as pinworms. These are small, thread-like nematodes that belong to the phylum Nematoda and the family Oxyuridae. The term "Enterobius" is derived from the Greek words "entero" meaning intestine, and "bios" meaning life, reflecting the parasitic nature of these organisms within the host's gastrointestinal tract.
Enterobius worms are primarily found in humans, particularly in children, and are responsible for causing a condition known as enterobiasis or pinworm infection. The adult female worms measure about 8-10 millimeters in length, while the males are slightly smaller. These parasites reside in the large intestine, specifically the cecum and appendix, where they lay eggs in the anal region.
The life cycle of Enterobius involves humans as both definitive hosts and intermediate hosts. The eggs are ingested by humans through various means, including contaminated food or hands. Once inside the host, the eggs hatch and release larvae in the small intestine. The larvae mature into adult worms in the large intestine, migrate to the anal region, and lay eggs during the night, causing intense itching.
Enterobius infection is typically characterized by symptoms such as anal itching, disturbed sleep, irritability, and sometimes abdominal pain. The infection is usually diagnosed by identifying the eggs in stool samples or by using a technique called the "Scotch tape test" to collect eggs from the anal region.
Treatment for Enterobius infection usually involves anthelmintic medications to eliminate the worms and prevent reinfection. Additionally, measures such as hand hygiene, proper toilet practices, and regular washing of bedding and clothing can help prevent the spread of enterobiasis.
