Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by abnormal development of the tricuspid valve. In a normal heart, the tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle and helps regulate blood flow. However, in Ebstein anomaly, the tricuspid valve is abnormally formed and displaced lower into the right ventricle.
This condition is typically present at birth and can vary in severity. The abnormal positioning of the tricuspid valve affects its function, leading to decreased efficiency in the flow of blood between the atrium and ventricle. As a result, blood may flow backwards, or regurgitate, from the ventricle into the atrium. This can result in enlargement of the right atrium and decreased blood flow to the rest of the body.
Symptoms of Ebstein anomaly may include cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygenation), shortness of breath, fatigue, heart palpitations, and swelling in the legs and feet. It can also lead to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and blood clots.
Diagnosis of Ebstein anomaly typically involves a thorough examination, chest X-rays, electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the heart's electrical activity, echocardiogram to assess the structure and function of the heart, and sometimes additional imaging tests. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition, but may include medications to manage symptoms, surgery to repair or replace the tricuspid valve, or in severe cases, heart transplantation.
Overall, Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by abnormal positioning and function of the tricuspid valve, causing various symptoms and potential complications that may require medical intervention.
