Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) refers to a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the skin. It is a form of lupus erythematosus characterized by round or disc-shaped skin lesions that can cause inflammation, scarring, and potential disfigurement.
The term "discoid" in its name is derived from the well-defined, circular or oval-shaped skin rash that commonly appears on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, and scalp. These lesions often start as red, raised patches that gradually evolve into a thickened, scaly texture with a central area of hypopigmentation, an absence of normal skin coloration. While DLE usually affects the skin, it can also involve other organs in more severe cases.
The underlying cause of DLE is an abnormal immune response in which the body's immune system mistakenly targets its own healthy cells, particularly those in the skin. Although the precise triggers for the development of DLE are not fully understood, genetic predisposition and environmental factors, particularly exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are believed to play significant roles.
To diagnose DLE, a dermatologist typically examines the characteristic skin lesions and may perform a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options for DLE include topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors to manage skin inflammation, and in some cases, oral medications such as antimalarials or immunosuppressive drugs. Photoprotection measures like using sunscreen and avoiding excessive sun exposure are essential to prevent flare-ups and protect the skin.
Medical supervision and long-term management are crucial for individuals with DLE to effectively control the symptoms, minimize skin damage, and maintain a good quality of life.
