Cytohistological preparation techniques refer to a series of laboratory procedures that are used to prepare cells and tissues for microscopic examination and analysis. These techniques facilitate the study of both the cellular and histological components of biological samples, providing valuable information about cellular structure, function, and pathology.
In cytohistological preparation, cells and tissues are first collected and then subjected to various processing steps to enhance their visibility and preserve their integrity. The most common techniques include fixation, staining, embedding, sectioning, and mounting.
Fixation involves treating the samples with chemical agents, such as formaldehyde or ethanol, to halt any ongoing cellular processes and prevent further degradation. Staining techniques then follow, using dyes or antibodies to accentuate specific cellular components or highlight certain pathological features.
After staining, samples may be embedded in a solid medium, usually paraffin wax, to provide support during sectioning. Thin slices, known as sections, are then cut using specialized instruments called microtomes. These sections are placed on glass slides and mounted with a suitable mounting medium to maintain their structure and allow microscopic examination.
Cytohistological preparation techniques are widely used in various disciplines, including pathology, cytology, and histology. They serve as an essential tool for diagnosing diseases, assessing treatment outcomes, and conducting research. By revealing cellular and tissue abnormalities, these techniques contribute to advancing our understanding of normal and pathological processes in the body.
