COMPLEMENTATION TEST Meaning and
Definition
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The complementation test is a molecular biology technique used to determine whether two different mutations affect the same gene or different genes. It is used primarily in genetics research to determine the relationship between mutations and to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits.
In the complementation test, two strains with different mutations are crossed to create a hybrid. If the hybrid shows a wild-type or normal phenotype, it suggests that the two mutations are in different genes. This is because the presence of the normal allele from one of the parents complements the mutation in the other parent, allowing the hybrid to exhibit a normal phenotype.
On the other hand, if the hybrid exhibits the same mutant phenotype as one of the parents, it indicates that the mutations are in the same gene. This is because the presence of two copies of the same mutation prevents the function of the gene, resulting in the observed mutant phenotype.
The complementation test is particularly useful in organisms with haploid genomes, such as yeast and bacteria, where the effects of individual mutations can be easily observed. It provides valuable insight into the genetic basis of traits and helps researchers understand the function of specific genes involved in various biological processes.
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Etymology of COMPLEMENTATION TEST
The term "complementation test" originated in the field of genetics. It is made up of two main components:
1. Complementation: The word "complementation" is derived from the Latin word "complementum", which means "completion" or "fullness". In genetics, complementation refers to the phenomenon where two different genetic mutations that result in a similar phenotype (observable characteristics) can restore the wild-type phenotype (normal characteristics) when combined together in a cross. This indicates that the two mutations are located in different genes, as they can "complement" each other's effects.
2. Test: The word "test" comes from the Old French word "test" or "teste", which means "cupel" or "pot". In this context, "test" refers to an experimental procedure or analysis conducted to determine the presence or nature of something.
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