CHD stands for Congenital Heart Defect, which refers to structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. It involves various conditions in which the heart does not form properly during fetal development. These defects can affect the walls, valves, blood vessels, or other structures of the heart, leading to functional abnormalities.
Congenital heart defects occur due to errors in the heart's formation early in pregnancy, and the causes are often unknown. They can range from minor and easily manageable conditions to severe, life-threatening abnormalities. Common types of CHD include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and coarctation of the aorta.
Symptoms and signs of CHD can vary depending on the type and severity of the defect. They may include cyanosis (bluish coloration of the skin), rapid breathing, fatigue, poor feeding, failure to thrive, and recurring respiratory or heart infections.
Diagnosis of CHD involves a medical history review, physical examination, and additional tests such as echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment options for CHD may include medications, catheter procedures, open-heart surgery, or a combination of these interventions.
Early detection and appropriate medical management are important for children with CHD. Many individuals with CHD can lead normal lives with the right treatment and care. Multidisciplinary approaches involving pediatric cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and other healthcare professionals are necessary for optimal management of CHD.
