Calicivirus is a noun referring to a family of small, non-enveloped viruses that infect several animal species, including humans. The term "calici" originates from the Latin word "calix," meaning cup, which refers to the characteristic cup-like shape of the virus particles.
Generally, caliciviruses cause acute gastroenteritis, resulting in inflammation of the stomach and intestines, which can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and occasionally fever. In humans, they are among the common causes of viral gastroenteritis, often referred to as stomach flu.
These viruses are highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected individuals, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with contaminated surfaces. Outbreaks can occur in crowded places or institutions such as schools, nursing homes, or cruise ships.
Caliciviruses are known for their genetic diversity, with several distinct genotypes and species identified. One well-known member of this viral family is the norovirus, which is responsible for a significant proportion of non-bacterial gastroenteritis cases worldwide.
Due to their ability to cause widespread illness, caliciviruses pose a significant public health concern. Prevention measures such as maintaining good hygiene practices, thorough hand washing, proper disinfection of surfaces, and avoidance of contaminated food and water sources are crucial in limiting the spread of calicivirus infections.
