Buckhornite is a mineral that is commonly categorized as a carbonate mineral. Its chemical composition consists of calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese, with the specific formula CaMg(Fe3+,Mn3+)4Al(SiO4)4(CO3)2(OH)4·11H2O. It belongs to the monoclinic crystal system and typically forms as prismatic or botryoidal crystals.
In terms of its physical properties, buckhornite usually appears as a translucent to opaque mineral with a light brown to reddish-brown color. Its luster can vary from vitreous to pearly, depending on the specific specimen. The hardness of buckhornite falls between 2.5 and 3 on the Mohs scale, indicating a relatively soft mineral. Its specific gravity ranges from 2.84 to 2.91, making it slightly heavier than an average mineral of comparable size.
Buckhornite is commonly found in hydrothermal veins or low-temperature occurrences associated with manganese or iron deposits. It often develops in association with other minerals such as calcite, baryte, quartz, and rhodochrosite. Specific localities where buckhornite is known to occur include the Tachachite Mine in the Buckhorn District, British Columbia, Canada, from which it gets its name, as well as various sites in South Africa and the United States.
Notably, buckhornite is recognized for its use as a calcium and magnesium source in the ceramic industry. Its distinctive characteristics and relative abundance in specific geological areas contribute to its value both from a scientific and industrial perspective.
