BRONCHIAL CHALLENGE TEST Meaning and
Definition
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A bronchial challenge test, also known as a bronchial provocation test, is a medical diagnostic procedure used to assess the sensitivity of the airways and to diagnose conditions such as asthma. This test involves introducing certain substances or stimuli into the airways to determine how they react.
During a bronchial challenge test, a patient inhales increasing concentrations of an irritant or a specific substance, such as methacholine or histamine, through a nebulizer or a specialized inhaler device. The goal is to induce a temporary narrowing of the airways, known as bronchoconstriction, which can help identify the presence and severity of airway hyperresponsiveness.
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the presence of underlying airway inflammation in individuals who may present with respiratory symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, or chronic cough. By provoking bronchoconstriction, the clinician can measure the degree of airway narrowing using a spirometer or other lung function tests both before and after the challenge. This allows for the comparison of lung function before and after the irritation, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory conditions.
The results of a bronchial challenge test can help guide treatment decisions, monitor disease progression, and assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. This test is commonly performed in specialized pulmonary function laboratories under the supervision of trained healthcare professionals to ensure patient safety and accurate interpretation of the results.
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