How Do You Spell BCR ABL PROTO ONCOGENE?

1. The BCR-ABL proto-oncogene refers to a genetic anomaly resulting from a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22 and the ABL proto-oncogene on chromosome 9. This translocation is commonly associated with a type of cancer known as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

   Normally, the BCR gene regulates cell growth, differentiation, and adherence. Similarly, the ABL gene encodes a protein tyrosine kinase involved in various cellular functions. However, the translocation in CML causes the fusion of these two genes, resulting in the formation of a hybrid BCR-ABL gene.

   The BCR-ABL gene produces a fusion protein, also called BCR-ABL, which possesses enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. This increased activity disrupts the balance of cellular proliferation and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth of bone marrow cells characteristic of CML. The BCR-ABL hybrid protein activates numerous signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms.

   The identification of the BCR-ABL fusion gene has had significant clinical implications. It has enabled the development of targeted therapy drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. These drugs specifically inhibit the overactive protein kinase activity of BCR-ABL, leading to improved outcomes and increased overall survival rates in CML patients. Understanding the molecular mechanism of BCR-ABL and the development of targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of CML and inspired similar approaches for other cancers driven by specific genetic abnormalities.

Common Misspellings for BCR ABL PROTO ONCOGENE

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