AXONAL GUIDANCE Meaning and
Definition
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Axonal guidance refers to the intricate process by which growing nerve cells (neurons) in the developing central nervous system (CNS) navigate and establish connections with their appropriate target cells. It is a fundamental mechanism that underlies the wiring of neural circuits, playing a crucial role in the development and functionality of the nervous system.
During axonal guidance, neurons extend long, slender projections called axons that carry electrical signals to other neurons or target cells. Axons possess dynamic growth cones at their tips, which are highly specialized structures responsible for sensing and responding to chemical and physical cues in the extracellular environment.
The process of axonal guidance involves a variety of molecular signaling cues and guidance molecules, such as chemotactic factors and cell adhesion molecules, that serve as signposts, guiding growing axons towards their intended destinations. These guidance molecules can be either attractive or repulsive, depending on the specific context and receptors expressed by the extending axon.
Overall, axonal guidance is a highly coordinated and intricate process that ensures the appropriate formation of neural connections in the nervous system. It is vital for the establishment of functional circuits and is essential for processes such as sensory perception, motor control, and cognition. Disruptions in axonal guidance can lead to developmental abnormalities, such as neuronal misrouting and connectivity disorders, which can manifest as neurodevelopmental disorders or neurological deficits.
Common Misspellings for AXONAL GUIDANCE
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Etymology of AXONAL GUIDANCE
The term "axonal guidance" does not have a specific etymology as it is a scientific term coined relatively recently. However, we can break down the words to understand their basic meaning.
1. Axon: The term "axon" comes from the Greek word "axios", which means "axis" or "shaft". In neuroscience, an axon refers to the elongated projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.
2. Guidance: The word "guidance" originated from the Old French word "guider", which means "to guide" or "direct". It can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root "weid", meaning "to see" or "to know". In the context of axonal guidance, it refers to the process by which extending axons navigate through the developing nervous system to reach their appropriate targets.
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