Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly impair an individual's functioning or development. ADHD is typically identified during early childhood, but can continue into adolescence and adulthood.
The inattention component of ADHD refers to a difficulty in sustaining attention, being easily distracted, and having trouble organizing tasks or activities. Individuals with ADHD may often make careless mistakes, struggle with following instructions, and frequently switch tasks without completing them. Hyperactivity manifests as excessive restlessness, excessive talking, and an inability to remain still or quiet. Impulsivity involves making hasty decisions, acting without considering the consequences, and interrupting others.
The symptoms of ADHD must be present in various settings such as school, work, or home, and must persist for a duration of at least six months to meet diagnostic criteria. While the exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, research suggests a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors contribute to its development.
ADHD can have significant life-long impacts on academic performance, social relationships, and occupational achievements. However, with proper diagnosis, understanding, and treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. Treatment approaches may include medication, behavior therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and accommodations in educational or work settings. It is essential to seek professional help to determine an accurate diagnosis and establish an appropriate management plan for individuals suspected of having ADHD.
