ANTIGLOBULIN AUGMENTED LYMPHOCYTOTOXICITY TEST Meaning and
Definition
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The Antiglobulin Augmented Lymphocytotoxicity Test, also known as the antiglobulin complement-mediated lymphocytotoxicity test (ACMC), is a laboratory diagnostic procedure used to detect the presence of antibodies and complement factors on the surface of lymphocytes or other blood cells. The test is primarily employed in the field of immunology and is commonly used in the investigation of autoimmune diseases, blood transfusion reactions, and certain immune deficiencies.
During the Antiglobulin Augmented Lymphocytotoxicity Test, patient's lymphocytes are mixed with antibodies and complement in a test tube. The antibodies specifically target antigens present on the surface of the lymphocytes. If the lymphocytes are coated with these specific antibodies, subsequent addition of antiglobulins enhances the reaction by promoting the formation of antibody-antigen-complement complexes. The addition of a dye or other marker allows for the visualization of these complexes and thus indicates the presence of antibodies and complement on the lymphocyte surface.
The Antiglobulin Augmented Lymphocytotoxicity Test has been an important tool in diagnosing autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic vasculitides. It has also been used to assess lymphocyte compatibility prior to blood transfusion, especially during the screening for potential adverse reactions. This test aids in determining the presence of antibodies that may cause immune destruction of transfused blood cells, leading to hemolysis or other complications. Due to its high sensitivity and versatility, the Antiglobulin Augmented Lymphocytotoxicity Test remains a valuable technique in immunology laboratories worldwide.
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